关于家电在你买之前检查标签价格标签只是家电真实成本的一部分。余额将以设备使用周期内的公用事业账单的形式逐月支付。购买最节能的型号是一个很好的长期策略，即使初始成本有点高。制造商在减少电器耗电量方面已经取得了很大进展。例如，一台“能源之星”冰箱的耗电量比联邦标准所允许的少20%左右，比2001年销售的传统型号少40%左右。(有关冰箱的更多信息，请参见选择节能冰箱。)冰箱比大多数其他电器消耗更多的电力，其次是洗衣机、干衣机、冰柜和电炉。(有关干衣机的更多信息，请参阅干衣机的替代方案。)EnergyGuide标签。美国联邦贸易委员会要求在一些常见的家用电器上安装这些熟悉的黄黑标签，包括洗碗机、冰箱、冰柜、窗户空调和游泳池加热器。 (For more information on dishwashers, see All About Dishwashers. For more information on window air conditioners, see Window-Mounted Air Conditioners Save Energy.) Ranges, ovens and clothes dryers are among the appliances that are excluded from this requirement. Labels estimate the cost of using the appliance for the year, based on national utility averages, plus the kilowatt-hours of electricity it will use annually. Even if local rates are higher or lower, the cost estimates are still useful for comparing the consumption of different models and brands. Energy Star rating. Energy Star is a voluntary labeling program launched in 1992 by the federal government to identify products that are more energy-efficient than standard models. To qualify, an appliance must be at least 10% more efficient than minimum federal…